Xlsx

by enoch-robinson

skill

Excel 电子表格处理工具包。用于创建和编辑电子表格、数据分析、公式计算、格式化。当需要处理 .xlsx/.csv 文件进行数据操作、报表生成或财务建模时使用此技能。

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name: xlsx description: Excel 电子表格处理工具包。用于创建和编辑电子表格、数据分析、公式计算、格式化。当需要处理 .xlsx/.csv 文件进行数据操作、报表生成或财务建模时使用此技能。

XLSX Processing Guide

库选择

任务 推荐库 用途
数据分析 pandas 读写、分析、批量操作
公式/格式 openpyxl 保留公式、样式、图表

读取数据 (pandas)

import pandas as pd

# 读取 Excel
df = pd.read_excel('file.xlsx')  # 默认第一个 sheet
df = pd.read_excel('file.xlsx', sheet_name='Sheet2')
all_sheets = pd.read_excel('file.xlsx', sheet_name=None)  # 所有 sheet

# 基础分析
df.head()       # 预览
df.info()       # 列信息
df.describe()   # 统计摘要

创建 Excel (openpyxl)

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, PatternFill, Alignment

wb = Workbook()
sheet = wb.active

# 添加数据
sheet['A1'] = '标题'
sheet['B1'] = 100
sheet.append(['行', '数据', '示例'])

# 添加公式(重要:使用公式而非硬编码值)
sheet['B5'] = '=SUM(B2:B4)'
sheet['C5'] = '=AVERAGE(C2:C4)'

# 格式化
sheet['A1'].font = Font(bold=True, color='FF0000')
sheet['A1'].fill = PatternFill('solid', fgColor='FFFF00')
sheet['A1'].alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center')

# 列宽
sheet.column_dimensions['A'].width = 20

wb.save('output.xlsx')

编辑现有文件

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('existing.xlsx')
sheet = wb.active

# 修改单元格
sheet['A1'] = '新值'

# 插入/删除行列
sheet.insert_rows(2)
sheet.delete_cols(3)

# 新建sheet
new_sheet = wb.create_sheet('NewSheet')

wb.save('modified.xlsx')

关键原则

###✅ 使用公式

# 正确:让Excel 计算
sheet['B10'] = '=SUM(B2:B9)'

# 错误:Python 计算后硬编码
total = sum(values)
sheet['B10'] = total  # 不要这样做

金融模型颜色规范

颜色 用途
蓝色文字 硬编码输入值
黑色文字 公式和计算
绿色文字 跨 sheet 引用
黄色背景 需要关注的假设

数据导出

# DataFrame导出
df.to_excel('output.xlsx', index=False)

# 多sheet 导出
with pd.ExcelWriter('output.xlsx') as writer:
    df1.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Sheet1')
    df2.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Sheet2')

注意事项

  • data_only=True 读取计算值,但保存后公式会丢失
  • 大文件使用 read_only=Truewrite_only=True
  • 单元格索引从 1 开始(A1 = row=1, column=1)

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Skill Information

Category:Skill
Last Updated:1/9/2026